2021年土木工程院士知名专家系列讲座暨第十二届全国研究生暑期学校——市政专题

2021年7月26日14:00-15:30

会议号：509 250 953

密   码：668817

Shifting Time Horizons in Flood Risk Management

Chris Zevenbergen is a Professor in Delft University of Technology, where he has taught since 2007. His research areas include the innovative concepts to mitigate urban flood impacts, flood proofing building designs and technologies, and decision support tool development in urban planning with practical application in urban flood management. He publishes in journals such as International Journal of River Basin Management, Natural Hazards and Public Works Management & Policy. 

Many countries are currently revisiting their flood (disaster) risk management strategy. There is a shift in focus from reacting to and preparing for singular, extreme events to (also) anticipating trends in these type of events. This long-term focus is inherently coupled with large uncertainties as we are uncertain about how physical (climate change) and economic conditions will change, what research and innovation will bring, how societal preferences will develop etc. Moreover, long lead times of flood protection infrastructure and transformative change of urban infrastructure are prompting (city) governments to take a long-term horizon.  

This notion of taking a long-term perspective calls for an adaptive strategy and is prompting governments to consider the impact of climate change on their strategies and operations. Governments are increasingly aware of these implications to be relevant not in the long-term, but for decisions made today.

In this lecture the question of “What are the major features of an adaptive strategy?" and "What are the main challenges for its implementation?” will be addressed.

2021年7月27日09:00-10:15

会议号：530 535 805 

密   码：668817

Converging Technologies for Environmental Assessment and Protection: Cases Study Examples Featuring Research in Peru and Kenya

Chad Jafvert received his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1985 in Civil and Environmental Engineering and was awarded a National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship to work at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Environmental Research Laboratory in Athens, GA. After one year in that position, he was hired at the same laboratory where he worked until joining the faculty at Purdue in 1991. While at the EPA, he earned a Scientific and Technological Achievement Award. While at Purdue, he was elected and served as area head of the environmental and hydraulic engineering group in the School of Civil Engineering for two consecutive terms (1996, 1999). In 2013, he was honored as a visiting professor by the President of Southeast University, Nanjing, China, and again in 2014 he was honored as a distinguished visiting professor by the President of Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China.

His primary research interests are the chemical and physicochemical fate processes of anthropogenic (man-made) substances in natural and engineered environments. He has published widely on octanol-water, soil-water and sediment-water phase distribution processes of organic chemicals, including organic cations and anions. His recent interests include: remediation strategies for contaminated sediments; aquatic photochemistry of pollutants including carbon-based nanomaterials and flame-retardant compounds; real-time continuous water quality monitoring, and drinking water treatment in rural areas of developing countries.

The basic sciences (physics, chemistry, biology) and modern technologies (microprocessors, sensors, wireless communication, and other instruments and hardware) are used by environmental engineers to develop solutions to real-world problems involving water, air, and land.  Hence, it is often necessary for us to develop expertise across disciplines to address these problems.  Two research projects will be discussed that involve this type of technology integration for addressing real-world water quality issues.  The first example concerns monitoring of water quality in rivers in southern Peru, where transition metals and metalloids are of concern, and where seasonal trends in metal concentrations may be expected.  The solution is the installation of automated water samplers and sensors, with data from the sensors available in real-time through cell-phone connectivity.  The second example involves monitoring drinking water quality in rural schools in Kenya, where the drinking water is produced by point-of-use treatment.  In this case, the point-of-use treatment systems are slow-sand (i.e., biosand) filters, followed by water chlorination.  The slow sand filters were designed by "engineering" a porous plate to act as the water collection zone, rather than installing gravel layers, as is common in most other designs.  Within the next year, teachers in several of the rural schools with slow sand filters, will be provided monitoring devices that will measure water turbidity and chlorine concentration, providing data on pre- and post- treatment water quality.  Again, the data can be transmitted to a central location through cell-phone connectivity, allowing for nearly real-time assessment of process performance.  For the second case study, the integration of knowledge across: water chemistry, microbiology, hydraulics, material science, electrical engineering, computer sciences (cell phone app development) were necessary to achieve the goal.

2021年7月27日10:15-11:30

会议号：530 535 805 

密   码：668817

The latest understanding of microplastics in drinking water treatment

薛锦凯博士现任职于加拿大里贾纳大学（University of Regina）工学院环境系统工程系助理教授，博士生导师。本科毕业于同济大学，硕士就读于沙特阿拉伯阿卜杜拉国王科技大学，博士毕业于加拿大阿尔伯塔大学环境工程专业，先后在美国明尼苏达大学和加拿大滑铁卢大学从事博士后研究工作。曾任中山大学“百人计划”副教授。曾获中国国家留学基金委“优秀自费留学生奖学金”，新疆维吾尔自治区“新疆籍优秀自费留学生奖学金”，以及加拿大自然科学与工程研究基金委员会“NSERC博士后学者”等荣誉。目前主要研究兴趣为寒冷地区水资源回收，膜技术，以及水中新兴污染物的去除等。目前主持加拿大国家级科研项目两项。薛博士也是水环境协会（WEF）工业污水委员会委员，华人环境教授协会（CAPEES）的现任 Officers 之一。

近年来水环境中的微塑料污染引起了广泛的关注。由于微塑料的物理（如粒度与形貌）与化学特征的高度复杂性，目前我们对于其在水系统中的时空分布与变化了解有限。时至今日，有关饮用水处理工艺中微塑料的研究尚很初步。本报告基于报告人自身关于饮用水处理工艺中微塑料污染的去除与影响的研究，结合该方向最新的（有限的）文献资料对饮用水处理工艺中微塑料污染的问题进行梳理总结。本报告涵盖的处理工艺包括混凝-絮凝-沉淀、膜过滤、砂滤、颗粒活性炭过滤等。其不仅讨论了各个处理工艺中不同的处理条件对于微塑料去除效率的影响，也总结了主要的微塑料特性（如材料，尺寸，形状，与浓度）在不同处理工艺中对于微塑料去除的作用。

2021年7月27日14:00-15:30

会议号：530 535 805 

密   码：668817

Could environmental risks push back power projects? Lessons from two decades of Chinese overseas power plants investments

Dr Xiaoyan Zhou, Lead, Sustainable Finance Performance, Oxford Sustainable Finance Programme, University of Oxford. Dr Xiaoyan Zhou leads the Sustainable Finance Performance theme at the Oxford Sustainable Finance Programme. Her research interests focus on Sustainable Investment, Transition Risk and Institutional Shareholder Engagement. She publishes in journals such as the Journal of Business Ethics (FT 50) and serves as reviewer for various journals including Nature Climate Changes. She won the PRI 2019 Best Quantitative Paper Award.

Environmental risks have been widely discussed in the risk management of energy investments. Nevertheless, the impact of environmental risks on project implementations is insufficiently understood. By studying power plants invested by Chinese firms overseas that have been suspended over the past two decades, we unpack environmental risks embedded in energy investments.  We find that coal and hydro have a higher incidence rate of failure than solar & wind. Furthermore, coal power projects exposed to pollution and climate change vulnerability are more likely to be suspended, while hydro units are adversely impacted by ecological risk.

2021年7月27日15:50-17:35

会议号：530 535 805 

密   码：668817

Organic solid waste treatment via anaerobic digestion: theory, application, environmental impacts

田海林，新加坡国立大学博士后研究员，2018年毕业于丹麦技术大学，获博士学位。主要研究方向为有机废弃物资源化利用，全生命周期评价LCA，厌氧消化理论与技术。发表多篇论文在Chemical Engineering Journal、Bioresource Technology、Applied Energy等期刊。长期担任Applied Energy, Science of the Total Environment, Journal of Cleaner Production, Chemosphere等国际著名期刊审稿人。

Anaerobic digestion (AD) has been widely used for organic waste treatment. Energy (in the form of biogas) and biofertilizer (in the form of digestate) are usually recovered via AD technology. In this presentation, the basic concept and process of AD will be introduced. Ammonia inhibition, a critical challenge when ammonia presents in high concentration during AD of protein/urea-rich waste, will be discussed in detail. Moreover, other AD applications, such as efficient food waste degradation with additives, will be also discussed in this presentation. Meanwhile, life cycle assessment (LCA), as a standard and scientific tool to assess the environmental sustainability of a process/product throughout its life cycle, has attracted more and more attentions in recent years. Hence, this presentation will also share a case study about the application of LCA in AD.

2021年7月28日9:00-10:15

会议号：710 249 314 

密   码：668817

New Technologies for Treating Oil and Gas Production Wastewater

Edward (Ted) Peltier is a Professor and Associate Chair in the Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department at the University of Kansas, where he has taught since 2006. He holds a B.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Princeton University and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Civil & Environmental Engineering from Northwestern University. His research areas include the fate and transport of pollutants in the environment, novel strategies for treatment and management of produced water and other high-salinity wastewaters, and the use of wetlands for storm-water control and nutrient removal.

Oil and gas production is a water-intensive industry, requiring significant freshwater inputs and generating large volumes of return water (on average, around 10 barrels of water per barrel across the United States).  Often this activity occurs in locations that routinely experience high water stress or drought. The water generated by this activity (produced water) can be a valuable water resource in these areas if it can be treated economically to be safe for alternative uses. However, the makeup of most produced water provides unusual treatment challenges.  Produced water is high in salinity (ranging from 30,000-180,000 mg/L total dissolved solids) and has both organic and inorganic constituents that need to be removed prior to reuse. Although desalination and other treatment technologies currently exist to remove these chemicals, they are costly and thus go unused by most oil producers. Specific constituents in produced water can also affect the efficiency of membrane-based desalination processes.

This presentation will provide an overview of the challenges specific to treatment and reuse of high-salinity produced water brines and will address targets for treated water quality based on expected reuse. Next, it will preview new technologies being developed by KU researchers to treat or pre-treat produced water. These include targeted removal of scale-forming cations and boron prior to desalination, and bioremediation of dissolved hydrocarbons using aerobic and anaerobic granular bioreactors adapted for hypersaline operation. Finally, the speaker will present a framework for a techno-economic assessment of produced water treatment processes that will allow them to be compared based on their effectiveness, costs, and environmental impact across a range of metrics.

2021年7月28日10:15-11:45

会议号：710 249 314 

密   码：668817

Environmental Fate, Transport and Applications of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

赵樱灿，工学博士，深圳市孔雀计划人才，广东省珠江人才计划海外引进人才。南方科技大学生物医学工程系副教授，主要研究方向为二维纳米材料在环境及生物医学方向的应用。赵博士2012-2016年就读于美国普渡大学美高梅棋牌官网入口并获得博士学位，2017-2018年受聘于清华大学，前往美国加州大学伯克利分校从事博士后研究。发表多篇论文在Environmental Science & Technology、Environmental Science: Nano(封面文章)、Carbon、Chemical Engineering Journal、Chemical Communications等期刊。长期任ACS nano, Environmental Science & Technology, Chemosphere等期刊审稿人。曾获Purdue University Joseph P. Chu Fellowship Award、Ron Wukasch Environmental Engineering Scholarship、Pai Tao Yeh Fellowship等多项荣誉。主持多项省市级基金项目，作为项目骨干参与国家科技部重大专项及美国自然科学基金委和美国环境保护署项目。

Due to their unique two-dimensional structure, two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials (such as MoS2, graphene oxide) have been applied in many fields. On one hand, the 2D nanomaterials can be employed in applications. On the other hand, the products containing these nanomaterials will inevitably find their own way to release into the natural environmental, thus more information on the environmental fate, transport mechanisms, or their toxicity to aquatic species of the nanomaterials needs to be explored. In the talk, the environmental antibacterial applications of 2D nanomaterials will be introduced. High antibacterial efficiencies of 2D nanomaterials towards multidrug-resistant bacterial could be achieved and the unique mechanism will be demonstrated. In addition, to better make use of the 2D nanomaterials, environmental fate and transport will be illustrated to provide better understanding on the potential environmental risk that the nanomaterials will bring to the aquatic environment.

2021年7月28日14:00-15:45

会议号：710 249 314 

密   码：668817

Challenges and advances in flood management: Ensemble forecast, information dissemination, and decision-support systems

杜二虎，南方科技大学副研究员。2017年毕业于美国伊利诺伊大学香槟分校，获环境工程博士学位。近五年主要从事基于复杂耦合系统的水文和灾害应急管理研究，具体研究方向包括：流域水文过程、水经济和环境政策分析，环境大数据分析和因果推断，城市灾害应急管理和社会计算。相关的研究成果发表于Water Resources Research, Journal of Hydrology等水文水资源领域顶级期刊，主持并参与多项国家自然科学基金项目。

Floods are common natural disasters in China and many other countries in the world. Flood forecasts and warnings are essential to reduce flood-related economic damage and loss of life. However, the improvement forecast information alone is not necessarily sufficient to reduce flood damage, as individuals typically have varying accessibilities and responses to flood warnings. This talk will overview the methodologies of ensemble forecast and flood inundation modeling, and introduces some recent studies that incorporate human behaviors and information dissemination technologies in flood warning systems, followed by the discussion on the role of integrated decision-support systems in flood management.  

2021年7月28日15:50-17:35

会议号：710 249 314 

密   码：668817

High Performance Reverse Osmosis Membrane with Chlorine Resistance

张轩，南京理工大学环境与生物工程学院教授，环境工程工学博士，博士研究生导师，新型膜材料工业与信息化部重点实验室副主任，Journal of Membrane Science期刊青年编委。2012年4月于南京理工大学获环境工程工学博士学位，随后在日本东京工业大学高分子系Mitsuru Ueda教授课题组从事博士后研究者工作，方向为用于燃料电池的聚合物电解质隔膜开发。受国家留学基金委资助，2017-2018年在美国耶鲁大学环境系Menachem Elimelech教授课题组进行学术访问，方向为新一代高性能液体分离膜的开发与应用。主持包括国家自然科学基金面上项目、江苏省优秀青年基金项目、南京理工大学自主科研重大专项等在内的省部级纵向科研项目10项，企业合作研发横向项目3项。独立工作以来，以第一作者/通讯作者身份在Nat. Sustain., Environ. Sci. Technol., Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett., Water Res., J. Membr. Sci.等环境工程及膜分离领域高水平期刊发表SCI收录论文42篇，研究成果被《耶鲁今日》（YaleToday 2020/10/08）、世界科技新闻门户网（PHYS. ORG.）等国际新闻报道评论，引发国际学术界广泛关注。相关研究成果也被中国工业和信息化部报道，并被新华网、“学习强国”APP、中国信息产业网、腾讯、新浪、知乎、头条等多家媒体转载。参与编写英文专著2部，申请中国发明专利9项，并获授权6项，其中3项专利已在企业实现转化。指导研究生获国家奖学金8人次、工信创新奖（工信部）一等奖1人次、南京大学“紫金全兴环境基金”优秀学子奖学金1人次、奥加诺（水质与水环境）二等奖学金1人次，北京大学唐孝炎创新三等奖1人次，江苏省优秀硕士论文2篇。

Chlorination is a common practice to prevent biofouling in municipal water supplies, wastewater reuse, and seawater desalination. However, polyamide thin-film composite reverse osmosis membranes—the premier technology for desalination and clean-water production—structurally deteriorate when continually exposed to chlorine species. Here, we use layer-by-layer interfacial polymerization of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid with trimesoyl chloride to fabricate a polyester thin-film composite reverse osmosis membrane that is chlorine-resistant in neutral and acidic conditions. Strong steric hindrance and an electron-withdrawing group effectively prevent direct aromatic chlorination, and residual OH groups capped with isophthaloyl dichloride preclude reaction with active chlorine. The poly(isophthalester) membrane exhibits high salt rejection (99.1 ± 0.2%) and water permeability (2.97 ± 0.13 L m−2 h−1 bar−1), even after demonstrating biofouling prevention with chlorine (50 mg L−1 of NaOCl for 15 min). We anticipate that our chlorine-resistant membrane will greatly advance reverse osmosis desalination as a sustainable technology to meet the global challenge of water supply.